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Preparation of Hypophosphorus AcidP

Preparation of Hypophosphorus Acid

Preparation of Sodium Hypophosphite (Brit. Pat. 803179)

115g of white phosphorous is emulsified and reacted with aqueous NaOH to obtain 270g NaH2PO2.H2O (70%).

Preparation of aqueous sodium hypophosphite (Jap. Pat. 58185412)

White phosphorus is dispersed together with slaked lime used as an assistant in an aqueous medium by stirring in an inert gas atmosphere under heating at or above the melting point of white phosphorus. The dispersion is mixed with a solution of caustic soda under heating and stirring to effect the reaction of the components. The product is separated into solid and liquid, and the mother liquor is added with a phosphate donor such as phosphoric acid. When the phosphate donor is phosphoric acid, its amount is about 0.6mol per 1mol of dissolved calcium, and the pH of the system is maintained usually to about 8-11. The reaction is carried out at about 50-100°C, and the reaction product is aged for about 30min. The Ca(II) dissolved in the mother liquid is precipitated in the form of calcium apatite, and the high-purity aqueous solution of sodium hypophosphite can be recovered by this process.

Hypophosphorous acid purification

Free hypophosphorous acid, H3PO2, is prepared by acidifying aqueous solutions of hypophosphite ions, H2PO2-. For example, the solution remaining when phosphine is prepared from the reaction of white phosphorus and a base contains the H2PO2- ion. If barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2, is used as the base and the solution is acidified with sulfuric acid, barium sulfate, precipitates and an aqueous solution of hypophosphorous acid results.

Ba2+ + 2 H2PO2- + 2 H3O+ + SO42- => BaSO4 + 2 H3PO2 + 2 H2O

The pure acid cannot be isolated merely by evaporating the water, however, because of the easy oxidation of the hypophosphorous acid to phosphoric acids (and elemental phosphorus) and its disproportionation to phosphine and phosphorous acid. The pure acid can be obtained by extraction of its aqueous solution by diethyl ether. Pure hypophosphorous acid forms white crystals that melt at 26.5° C. The electronic structure of hypophosphorous acid is such that it has only one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and thus it is a monoprotic oxyacid. It is a weak acid and forms only one series of salts, the hypophosphites. Hydrated sodium hypophosphite, NaH2PO2×H2O, is used as an industrial reducing agent, particularly for the electroless plating of nickel onto metals and nonmetals.

Hypophosphorous acid from sodium hypophosphite

To a stirred solution of 717.8 g of a 32% hydrochloric acid solution in a 3-necked 2 liter flask was added 615.42 g of powdered sodium hypophosphite. The temperature of the solution rose about 2° C. Water was removed from the stirred reaction mixture by reduced pressure distillation at a temperature of about 55°C ±7° C at a pressure of 44-72 mmHg until a hypophosphorous acid concentration of about 80 wt% was obtained. After cooling to room temperature, sodium chloride that had precipitated was filtered from the reaction mixture. The filter cake was washed twice with 32 wt % hydrochloric acid.

The recovered product contained 355.7 g of hypophosphorous acid. The analysis showed that the product contained 0.9 wt% sodium, 3.2 wt% chloride, and 80.96 wt% hypophosphorus acid. Chloride ion was removed from hypophosphorous acid using an ion-exchange column (height 221/4", diameter 11/8"). The column was packed with Rohm and Haas Resin IRA-410 in the chloride form and was regenerated using 5% NaOH.

The results from using this column at different H3PO2 and Cl- concentrations are shown below.
Influent Composition

Effluent Composition

H3PO2 %

Chloride %
46

3.0

49.6

0.06
46

3.0

46.7

0.09
71

5.9

52.6

0.02


Ephedrine Reduction to Methamphetamine with Hypophosphorus Acid and Iodine

By Wizard X

I would recommend a large excess of reducing agent for quick reduction. Charge flask with 100 ml (0.1Lt) of 50% H3PO2 (0.965 mole H3PO2 per 100 ml) fit reflux condenser, add 3x33 grams (99 grams, 0.39 mole) portions of I2 while cooling in ice bath down the reflux condenser[1]. After addition of I2, gently heat so HI gas is evolving from the condenser, add 5 mls potions of H2O down the condenser till HI gas stops evolving and hence maximum amount of HI saturation kept in solution is acheived. Now add 50.4 g (0.25 mole) of ephedrine hydrochloride and boil under reflux for at least 2 hours, let cool and then made basic with 20 % sodium hydroxide solution (20 grams NaOH in 100 mls H2O) in ice bath to liberate the free base. Set-up glassware for steam distillation and steam distil until the distillate is almost neutral to litmus.[2]

The libertated freebase methamphetamine which seperates is solvent extracted with three, 50-75 ml ether (or toluene) portions and the ether/amine solution is first washed with 50 mls of distilled water and the ether/amine solution dried with anhydrous sodium carbonate.[3] After removal of the ether (or toluene), the oil was vacuum distilled at a vacuum of 15 mmHg at 93°C. The yield is 80 - 82%[4].

Notes:

If I2 sticks to the condenser wall, wash down with distilled water.
Have the distillate receiving flask in ice. And cool down to 4-5 degC.
Anhydrous magnesium sulphate can be used. Rinse the anhydrous magnesium sulphate with a little ether (or toluene) after drying the main ether/amine solution.

Ephedrine Reduction

Major reduction reaction:

C6H5-(CHOH)-CH(NHCH3)-CH3 + HI =====> C6H5-(CHI)-CH(NHCH3)-CH3 + H2O

C6H5-(CHI)-CH(NHCH3)-CH3 + HI =====> C6H5-CH2-CH(NHCH3)-CH3 + I2

Minor reduction reaction:

C6H5-(CHI)-CH(NHCH3)-CH3 + H3PO2 + H2O =====> C6H5-CH2-CH(NHCH3)-CH3 + H3PO3 + HI

Ratio of ephedrine to HI is theoretically 1:2, however a 1:3 is used for better reduction and yeild.
Hypophosphorus to HI Calculations

H3PO2 + H2O + I2 ==>> H3PO3 + 2HI

Hypophosphorous 50% w/w. F.W = 66 g/mol. Density = 1.274 g/ml.

100mls (0.1Lt) of Hypophosphorous 50% w/w contains:

(1.274 / 50)/100 = 0.637 g/ml H3PO2 = 0.00965 mol/ml H3PO2.

0.00965 mol/ml H3PO2 x 100 = 0.965 mol/100ml H3PO2.

OR

(0.637/66) x 1000 = 9.65 moles H3PO2 per 1000 mls. (mol/Lt)

Since we use 100mls (0.1Lt), then 9.65 x 0.1 = 0.965 mol/100ml H3PO2. Now since the ratio of Ephedrine : HI is 1:3 = (3/1), we require 0.75 moles of HI for every 0.25 moles of ephedrine hydrochloride. Since we have 0.965 mol of H3PO2 and 0.39 moles of I2 (99/253.8 = 0.39), then the ratio of I2:HI is 1:2 = (2/1); so 0.39 moles of I2 reacts with the Hypophosphorous acid to form 0.39 x 2 = 0.78 moles of HI.

Finally, the excess Hypophosphorous acid, H3PO2 is 0.965-0.39 = 0.575 moles of H3PO2 is excess. The ratio for H3PO2 : I2 is 1:1, so only 0.39 moles of H3PO2 is needed to react with 0.39 moles of I2 to form 0.78 moles of HI. Not only do we have enough HI; 0.78 moles to reduce 0.25 moles of ephedrine hydrochloride, but a large excess of 0.575 moles of H3PO2.

Alternatively, Charge a 1000ml flask with 100 ml (0.1Lt) of 50% H3PO2 (0.965 mole H3PO2 per 100 ml), 100 mls of distilled water, fit reflux condenser, add 4x49.5 grams (198 grams, 0.78 mole) portions of I2 while cooling in ice bath down the reflux condenser[1]. After addition of I2, gently heat so HI gas is evolving from the condenser, add 10 mls potions of H2O down the condenser till HI gas stops evolving and hence maximum amount of HI saturation kept in solution is acheived. Now add 100.8 g (0.5 mole) of ephedrine hydrochloride and boil under reflux for at least 2 hours, let cool and then made basic with 20 % sodium hydroxide solution (20 grams NaOH in 100 mls H2O) in ice bath to liberate the free base. Set-up glassware for steam distillation and steam distil until the distillate is almost neutral to litmus.[2]

Since we have 0.965 mol of H3PO2 and 0.78 moles of I2 (198/253.8 = 0.78), then the ratio of I2 : HI is 1: 2 = (2/1); so 0.78 moles of I2 reacts with the Hypophosphorous acid to form 0.78 x 2 = 1.56 moles of HI. Finally, the excess hypophosphorus acid, H3PO2 is 0.965-0.78 = 0.185 moles of H3PO2 is excess. The ratio for H3PO2 : I2 is 1:1, so only 0.78 moles of H3PO2 is needed to react with 0.78 moles of I2 to form 1.56 moles of HI. Not only do we have enough HI; 1.56 moles to reduce 0.5 moles of ephedrine hydrochloride, but an excess of 0.185 moles of H3PO2.
P-fed Reduction to Methamphetamine with Hypophosphorus Acid and Iodine

By Pebble

Assuming that you have extracted P-fed from your pills, you are now ready to convert the p-fed to methamphetamine. The structure of P-fed is so closly related to methamphetamine, that people have learned to alter it's structure in order to convert it to methamphetamine.

What one is actually doing is reducing a benzylic alcohol. In our case, it appears as OH in P-fed. So, we strip this off completly and throw on an additional H (Hydrogen) to the p-fed. So, by removing the OH and adding a H we have thus altered the structure and have created methamphetamine.

This is for small-scale reduction of P-fed to methamphetamine. If one wanted to make meth in the range of ounces, etc. I would not reccomend one cook in an open container. Fire or explosion are at a much higher risk when cooking anything above 10 grams using this procedure. This is why the Push/Pull apparatus is so popular. No, fumes, smell, and IT CAN reduce the risk of injury if something does go wrong. Notice I said IT CAN. There is no fool-proof method of safety when working with chemicals of this nature, unless proper lab equipment, etc are used; and this still does not elimanate the dangers, just reduces the probability that an accident will happen.

If one wanted to have 5 grams as their finished peoduct, than 6-8 grams of P-fed. Some can get 90% yield where others may only get 35% yield. This takes time to perfect, but results will vary WITH YOU.

Take your 8 grams of p-fed and put this into a 250ml. flask or pyrex meassuring cup. Slowing add Iodine crystals unto the p-fed is mixed well with the
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Preparation of Hypophosphorus AcidPreparation of Sodium Hypophosphite (Brit. Pat. 803179)115g of white phosphorous is emulsified and reacted with aqueous NaOH to obtain 270g NaH2PO2.H2O (70%).Preparation of aqueous sodium hypophosphite (Jap. Pat. 58185412)White phosphorus is dispersed together with slaked lime used as an assistant in an aqueous medium by stirring in an inert gas atmosphere under heating at or above the melting point of white phosphorus. The dispersion is mixed with a solution of caustic soda under heating and stirring to effect the reaction of the components. The product is separated into solid and liquid, and the mother liquor is added with a phosphate donor such as phosphoric acid. When the phosphate donor is phosphoric acid, its amount is about 0.6mol per 1mol of dissolved calcium, and the pH of the system is maintained usually to about 8-11. The reaction is carried out at about 50-100°C, and the reaction product is aged for about 30min. The Ca(II) dissolved in the mother liquid is precipitated in the form of calcium apatite, and the high-purity aqueous solution of sodium hypophosphite can be recovered by this process.Hypophosphorous acid purificationFree hypophosphorous acid, H3PO2, is prepared by acidifying aqueous solutions of hypophosphite ions, H2PO2-. For example, the solution remaining when phosphine is prepared from the reaction of white phosphorus and a base contains the H2PO2- ion. If barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2, is used as the base and the solution is acidified with sulfuric acid, barium sulfate, precipitates and an aqueous solution of hypophosphorous acid results.Ba2+ + 2 H2PO2- + 2 H3O+ + SO42- => BaSO4 + 2 H3PO2 + 2 H2OThe pure acid cannot be isolated merely by evaporating the water, however, because of the easy oxidation of the hypophosphorous acid to phosphoric acids (and elemental phosphorus) and its disproportionation to phosphine and phosphorous acid. The pure acid can be obtained by extraction of its aqueous solution by diethyl ether. Pure hypophosphorous acid forms white crystals that melt at 26.5° C. The electronic structure of hypophosphorous acid is such that it has only one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and thus it is a monoprotic oxyacid. It is a weak acid and forms only one series of salts, the hypophosphites. Hydrated sodium hypophosphite, NaH2PO2×H2O, is used as an industrial reducing agent, particularly for the electroless plating of nickel onto metals and nonmetals.Hypophosphorous acid from sodium hypophosphiteTo a stirred solution of 717.8 g of a 32% hydrochloric acid solution in a 3-necked 2 liter flask was added 615.42 g of powdered sodium hypophosphite. The temperature of the solution rose about 2° C. Water was removed from the stirred reaction mixture by reduced pressure distillation at a temperature of about 55°C ±7° C at a pressure of 44-72 mmHg until a hypophosphorous acid concentration of about 80 wt% was obtained. After cooling to room temperature, sodium chloride that had precipitated was filtered from the reaction mixture. The filter cake was washed twice with 32 wt % hydrochloric acid.The recovered product contained 355.7 g of hypophosphorous acid. The analysis showed that the product contained 0.9 wt% sodium, 3.2 wt% chloride, and 80.96 wt% hypophosphorus acid. Chloride ion was removed from hypophosphorous acid using an ion-exchange column (height 221/4", diameter 11/8"). The column was packed with Rohm and Haas Resin IRA-410 in the chloride form and was regenerated using 5% NaOH.The results from using this column at different H3PO2 and Cl- concentrations are shown below.Influent Composition Effluent Composition H3PO2 % Chloride %46 3.0 49.6 0.0646 3.0 46.7 0.0971 5.9 52.6 0.02Ephedrine Reduction to Methamphetamine with Hypophosphorus Acid and IodineBy Wizard XI would recommend a large excess of reducing agent for quick reduction. Charge flask with 100 ml (0.1Lt) of 50% H3PO2 (0.965 mole H3PO2 per 100 ml) fit reflux condenser, add 3x33 grams (99 grams, 0.39 mole) portions of I2 while cooling in ice bath down the reflux condenser[1]. After addition of I2, gently heat so HI gas is evolving from the condenser, add 5 mls potions of H2O down the condenser till HI gas stops evolving and hence maximum amount of HI saturation kept in solution is acheived. Now add 50.4 g (0.25 mole) of ephedrine hydrochloride and boil under reflux for at least 2 hours, let cool and then made basic with 20 % sodium hydroxide solution (20 grams NaOH in 100 mls H2O) in ice bath to liberate the free base. Set-up glassware for steam distillation and steam distil until the distillate is almost neutral to litmus.[2]The libertated freebase methamphetamine which seperates is solvent extracted with three, 50-75 ml ether (or toluene) portions and the ether/amine solution is first washed with 50 mls of distilled water and the ether/amine solution dried with anhydrous sodium carbonate.[3] After removal of the ether (or toluene), the oil was vacuum distilled at a vacuum of 15 mmHg at 93°C. The yield is 80 - 82%[4].Notes: If I2 sticks to the condenser wall, wash down with distilled water. Have the distillate receiving flask in ice. And cool down to 4-5 degC. Anhydrous magnesium sulphate can be used. Rinse the anhydrous magnesium sulphate with a little ether (or toluene) after drying the main ether/amine solution. Ephedrine ReductionMajor reduction reaction:C6H5-(CHOH)-CH(NHCH3)-CH3 + HI =====> C6H5-(CHI)-CH(NHCH3)-CH3 + H2OC6H5-(CHI)-CH(NHCH3)-CH3 + HI =====> C6H5-CH2-CH(NHCH3)-CH3 + I2Minor reduction reaction:C6H5-(CHI)-CH(NHCH3)-CH3 + H3PO2 + H2O =====> C6H5-CH2-CH(NHCH3)-CH3 + H3PO3 + HIRatio of ephedrine to HI is theoretically 1:2, however a 1:3 is used for better reduction and yeild.Hypophosphorus to HI CalculationsH3PO2 + H2O + I2 ==>> H3PO3 + 2HIHypophosphorous 50% w/w. F.W = 66 g/mol. Density = 1.274 g/ml.100mls (0.1Lt) of Hypophosphorous 50% w/w contains:(1.274 / 50)/100 = 0.637 g/ml H3PO2 = 0.00965 mol/ml H3PO2.0.00965 mol/ml H3PO2 x 100 = 0.965 mol/100ml H3PO2.OR(0.637/66) x 1000 = 9.65 moles H3PO2 per 1000 mls. (mol/Lt)Since we use 100mls (0.1Lt), then 9.65 x 0.1 = 0.965 mol/100ml H3PO2. Now since the ratio of Ephedrine : HI is 1:3 = (3/1), we require 0.75 moles of HI for every 0.25 moles of ephedrine hydrochloride. Since we have 0.965 mol of H3PO2 and 0.39 moles of I2 (99/253.8 = 0.39), then the ratio of I2:HI is 1:2 = (2/1); so 0.39 moles of I2 reacts with the Hypophosphorous acid to form 0.39 x 2 = 0.78 moles of HI.Finally, the excess Hypophosphorous acid, H3PO2 is 0.965-0.39 = 0.575 moles of H3PO2 is excess. The ratio for H3PO2 : I2 is 1:1, so only 0.39 moles of H3PO2 is needed to react with 0.39 moles of I2 to form 0.78 moles of HI. Not only do we have enough HI; 0.78 moles to reduce 0.25 moles of ephedrine hydrochloride, but a large excess of 0.575 moles of H3PO2.Alternatively, Charge a 1000ml flask with 100 ml (0.1Lt) of 50% H3PO2 (0.965 mole H3PO2 per 100 ml), 100 mls of distilled water, fit reflux condenser, add 4x49.5 grams (198 grams, 0.78 mole) portions of I2 while cooling in ice bath down the reflux condenser[1]. After addition of I2, gently heat so HI gas is evolving from the condenser, add 10 mls potions of H2O down the condenser till HI gas stops evolving and hence maximum amount of HI saturation kept in solution is acheived. Now add 100.8 g (0.5 mole) of ephedrine hydrochloride and boil under reflux for at least 2 hours, let cool and then made basic with 20 % sodium hydroxide solution (20 grams NaOH in 100 mls H2O) in ice bath to liberate the free base. Set-up glassware for steam distillation and steam distil until the distillate is almost neutral to litmus.[2]Since we have 0.965 mol of H3PO2 and 0.78 moles of I2 (198/253.8 = 0.78), then the ratio of I2 : HI is 1: 2 = (2/1); so 0.78 moles of I2 reacts with the Hypophosphorous acid to form 0.78 x 2 = 1.56 moles of HI. Finally, the excess hypophosphorus acid, H3PO2 is 0.965-0.78 = 0.185 moles of H3PO2 is excess. The ratio for H3PO2 : I2 is 1:1, so only 0.78 moles of H3PO2 is needed to react with 0.78 moles of I2 to form 1.56 moles of HI. Not only do we have enough HI; 1.56 moles to reduce 0.5 moles of ephedrine hydrochloride, but an excess of 0.185 moles of H3PO2.P-fed Reduction to Methamphetamine with Hypophosphorus Acid and IodineBy PebbleAssuming that you have extracted P-fed from your pills, you are now ready to convert the p-fed to methamphetamine. The structure of P-fed is so closly related to methamphetamine, that people have learned to alter it's structure in order to convert it to methamphetamine.What one is actually doing is reducing a benzylic alcohol. In our case, it appears as OH in P-fed. So, we strip this off completly and throw on an additional H (Hydrogen) to the p-fed. So, by removing the OH and adding a H we have thus altered the structure and have created methamphetamine.This is for small-scale reduction of P-fed to methamphetamine. If one wanted to make meth in the range of ounces, etc. I would not reccomend one cook in an open container. Fire or explosion are at a much higher risk when cooking anything above 10 grams using this procedure. This is why the Push/Pull apparatus is so popular. No, fumes, smell, and IT CAN reduce the risk of injury if something does go wrong. Notice I said IT CAN. There is no fool-proof method of safety when working with chemicals of this nature, unless proper lab equipment, etc are used; and this still does not elimanate the dangers, just reduces the probability that an accident will happen.If one wanted to have 5 grams as their finished peoduct, than 6-8 grams of P-fed. Some can get 90% yield where others may only get 35% yield. This takes time to perfect, but results will vary WITH YOU.Take your 8 grams of p-fed and put this into a 250ml. flask or pyrex meassuring cup. Slowing add Iodine crystals unto the p-fed is mixed well with the
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Persiapan Hypophosphorus Asam Persiapan Sodium Hypophosphite (Brit. Pat. 803.179) 115g fosfor putih emulsi dan bereaksi dengan air NaOH untuk mendapatkan 270g NaH2PO2.H2O (70%). Pembuatan larutan natrium hipofosfit (Jap. Pat. 58.185.412) Putih fosfor tersebar bersama dengan kapur dipuaskan digunakan sebagai asisten dalam media berair dengan mengaduk dalam suasana gas inert dengan pemanasan pada atau di atas titik leleh fosfor putih. Dispersi dicampur dengan larutan soda kaustik dengan pemanasan dan pengadukan untuk mempengaruhi reaksi komponen. Produk ini dipisahkan menjadi padat dan cair, dan larutan induk ditambahkan dengan donor fosfat seperti asam fosfat. Ketika donor fosfat adalah asam fosfat, jumlahnya sekitar 0.6mol per 1 mol kalsium terlarut, dan pH sistem dipertahankan biasanya sekitar 8-11. Reaksi dilakukan pada sekitar 50-100 ° C, dan produk reaksi yang berusia sekitar 30 menit. Ca (II) dilarutkan dalam cairan ibu diendapkan dalam bentuk kalsium apatit, dan larutan air kemurnian tinggi natrium hipofosfit dapat dipulihkan dengan proses ini. Hypophosphorous pemurnian asam asam hypophosphorous gratis, H3PO2, dibuat dengan mengasamkan berair solusi ion hipofosfit, H2PO2-. Sebagai contoh, solusi yang tersisa saat fosfin dibuat dari reaksi fosfor putih dan basa mengandung ion H2PO2-. Jika barium hidroksida, Ba (OH) 2, yang digunakan sebagai dasar dan larutan diasamkan dengan asam sulfat, barium sulfat, endapan dan larutan hasil asam hypophosphorous. Ba2 + + 2 + 2 H2PO2- H3O + + SO42- => BaSO4 + 2 + 2 H2O H3PO2 Asam murni tidak dapat dipisahkan hanya dengan menguapkan air, namun, karena mudah oksidasi asam hypophosphorous untuk fosfat asam (dan unsur fosfor) dan disproporsionasi untuk fosfin dan asam fosfor. Asam murni dapat diperoleh dengan ekstraksi larutan oleh dietil eter. Bentuk asam hypophosphorous murni kristal putih yang meleleh pada 26,5 ° C Struktur elektronik asam hypophosphorous adalah sedemikian rupa sehingga hanya memiliki satu atom hidrogen terikat pada oksigen, dan dengan demikian itu adalah asam oksi monoprotik. Ini adalah asam lemah dan bentuk hanya satu seri garam, yang HYPOPHOSPHITES. Terhidrasi natrium hipofosfit, NaH2PO2 × H2O, digunakan sebagai agen pereduksi industri, terutama untuk plating electroless nikel ke logam dan non logam. Hypophosphorous asam dari natrium hipofosfit Untuk solusi diaduk dari 717,8 g larutan asam klorida 32% dalam 3 labu -necked 2 liter ditambahkan 615,42 g bubuk sodium hipofosfit. Suhu larutan naik sekitar 2 ° C Air telah dihapus dari campuran reaksi diaduk dengan berkurangnya tekanan distilasi pada suhu sekitar 55 ° C ± 7 ° C pada tekanan 44-72 mmHg sampai konsentrasi asam hypophosphorous sekitar 80 wt% diperoleh. Setelah pendinginan sampai suhu kamar, natrium klorida yang telah diendapkan disaring dari campuran reaksi. Filter cake dicuci dua kali dengan 32% berat asam klorida. Produk pulih mengandung 355,7 g asam hypophosphorous. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa produk tersebut mengandung 0,9% berat natrium, 3,2% berat klorida, dan 80,96% berat asam hypophosphorus. Ion klorida telah dihapus dari asam hypophosphorous menggunakan kolom pertukaran ion (tinggi 221/4 ", diameter 8/11"). Kolom itu penuh sesak dengan Rohm and Haas Resin IRA-410 dalam bentuk klorida dan diregenerasi menggunakan 5% NaOH. Hasil dari menggunakan kolom ini pada H3PO2 yang berbeda dan konsentrasi Cl- ditunjukkan di bawah ini. Influent Komposisi Limbah Komposisi H3PO2% Chloride% 46 3,0 49,6 0,06 46 3,0 46,7 0,09 71 5,9 52,6 0,02 Efedrin Pengurangan ke Methamphetamine dengan Asam Hypophosphorus dan Yodium Oleh Wisaya X Saya akan merekomendasikan kelebihan besar pereduksi untuk pengurangan cepat. Biaya labu dengan 100 ml (0.1Lt) dari 50% H3PO2 (0,965 H3PO2 mol per 100 ml) fit kondensor refluks, tambahkan 3x33 gram (99 gram, 0,39 mol) bagian dari I2 saat pendinginan di kamar mandi es bawah kondensor refluks [1] . Setelah penambahan I2, lembut panas sehingga gas HI berkembang dari kondensor, tambahkan 5 ml ramuan dari H2O bawah kondensor sampai gas HI berhenti berkembang dan karenanya jumlah maksimum HI kejenuhan disimpan dalam larutan ini dicapai. Sekarang tambahkan 50,4 g (0,25 mol) efedrin hidroklorida dan mendidih di bawah refluks selama minimal 2 jam, dinginkan dan kemudian membuat dasar dengan 20% larutan natrium hidroksida (NaOH 20 gram dalam 100 ml H2O) di kamar mandi es untuk membebaskan basa bebas . Set-up gelas untuk distilasi uap dan Distil uap sampai distilat hampir netral terhadap lakmus. [2] The methamphetamine Freebase libertated yang memisahkan adalah pelarut diekstraksi dengan tiga, 50-75 ml eter (atau toluena) bagian dan eter / solusi amina pertama dicuci dengan 50 ml air suling dan solusi eter / amina dikeringkan dengan natrium karbonat anhidrat. [3] Setelah penghapusan eter (atau toluena), minyak vakum suling di vakum dari 15 mmHg pada 93 ° C. Hasil ini 80-82% [4]. Catatan: Jika I2 menempel pada dinding kondensor, membasuh dengan air suling. Memiliki distilat menerima termos es. Dan mendinginkan 4-5 degC. anhidrat magnesium sulfat dapat digunakan. Bilas magnesium sulfat anhidrat dengan eter sedikit (atau toluena) setelah pengeringan solusi eter / amina utama. Ephedrine Pengurangan reaksi reduksi Mayor: C6H5- (CHOH) -CH CH3 (NHCH3) + HI =====> C6H5- (CHI) -CH (NHCH3) CH3 + H2O C6H5- (CHI) -CH (NHCH3) CH3 + HI =====> C6H5-CH2-CH (NHCH3) CH3 + I2 Kecil reaksi reduksi: C6H5- (CHI) -CH (NHCH3) CH3 + H3PO2 + H2O =====> C6H5-CH2-CH (NHCH3) CH3 + H3PO3 + HI Rasio efedrin ke HI secara teori 1: 2, namun 1: 3 digunakan untuk pengurangan lebih baik dan luluh. Hypophosphorus untuk Perhitungan HI H3PO2 + H2O + I2 == >> H3PO3 + 2HI Hypophosphorous 50% b / b. FW = 66 g / mol. . Densitas = 1,274 g / ml 100mls (0.1Lt) dari Hypophosphorous 50% b / b berisi: (1,274 / 50) / 100 = 0,637 g / ml H3PO2 = 0,00965 mol / ml H3PO2. 0,00965 mol / ml H3PO2 x 100 = 0,965 mol / 100ml H3PO2. OR (0,637 / 66) x 1.000 = 9,65 mol H3PO2 per 1000 ml. (Mol / Lt) Karena kita menggunakan 100mls (0.1Lt), kemudian 9,65 x 0,1 = 0,965 mol / 100ml H3PO2. Sekarang karena rasio Ephedrine: HI adalah 1: 3 = (3/1), kami membutuhkan 0,75 mol HI untuk setiap 0,25 mol efedrin hidroklorida. Karena kita memiliki 0,965 mol H3PO2 dan 0,39 mol I2 (99 / 253,8 = 0,39), maka rasio I2: HI adalah 1: 2 = (2/1); jadi 0,39 mol I2 bereaksi dengan asam Hypophosphorous untuk membentuk 0,39 x 2 = 0,78 mol HI. Akhirnya, kelebihan Hypophosphorous asam, H3PO2 adalah 0,965-0,39 = 0,575 mol H3PO2 kelebihan. Rasio untuk H3PO2: I2 adalah 1: 1, sehingga hanya 0,39 mol H3PO2 diperlukan untuk bereaksi dengan 0,39 mol I2 untuk membentuk 0,78 mol HI. Kita tidak hanya memiliki cukup HI; 0,78 mol untuk mengurangi 0,25 mol efedrin hidroklorida, tetapi kelebihan besar 0,575 mol H3PO2. Atau, Mengisi botol 1000ml dengan 100 ml (0.1Lt) dari 50% H3PO2 (0,965 H3PO2 mol per 100 ml), 100 ml air suling air, cocok pendingin refluk, tambahkan 4x49.5 gram (198 gram, 0,78 mol) bagian dari I2 saat pendinginan di kamar mandi es bawah kondensor refluks [1]. Setelah penambahan I2, lembut panas sehingga gas HI berkembang dari kondensor, tambahkan 10 ml ramuan dari H2O bawah kondensor sampai gas HI berhenti berkembang dan karenanya jumlah maksimum HI kejenuhan disimpan dalam larutan ini dicapai. Sekarang tambahkan 100,8 g (0,5 mol) efedrin hidroklorida dan mendidih di bawah refluks selama minimal 2 jam, dinginkan dan kemudian membuat dasar dengan 20% larutan natrium hidroksida (NaOH 20 gram dalam 100 ml H2O) di kamar mandi es untuk membebaskan basa bebas . Set-up gelas untuk distilasi uap dan Distil uap sampai distilat hampir netral terhadap lakmus [2]. Karena kita memiliki 0,965 mol H3PO2 dan 0,78 mol I2 (198 / 253,8 = 0,78), maka rasio I2: HI adalah 1: 2 = (2/1); jadi 0,78 mol I2 bereaksi dengan asam Hypophosphorous untuk membentuk 0,78 x 2 = 1,56 mol HI. Akhirnya, asam hypophosphorus kelebihan, H3PO2 adalah 0,965-0,78 = 0,185 mol H3PO2 kelebihan. Rasio untuk H3PO2: I2 adalah 1: 1, sehingga hanya 0,78 mol H3PO2 diperlukan untuk bereaksi dengan 0,78 mol I2 untuk membentuk 1,56 mol HI. Kita tidak hanya memiliki cukup HI; 1,56 mol untuk mengurangi 0,5 mol efedrin hidroklorida, tetapi kelebihan 0,185 mol H3PO2. Pengurangan P-makan untuk Methamphetamine dengan Asam Hypophosphorus dan Yodium Oleh Pebble Dengan asumsi bahwa Anda telah diekstrak P-makan dari pil Anda, Anda sekarang siap untuk mengkonversi p-makan untuk methamphetamine. Struktur P-makan begitu closly terkait dengan metamfetamin, bahwa orang-orang telah belajar untuk mengubah itu struktur untuk mengubahnya menjadi metamfetamin. Apa yang sebenarnya lakukan adalah mengurangi alkohol benzilik. Dalam kasus kami, itu muncul sebagai OH di P-makan. Jadi, kita menanggalkan ini dari completly dan melemparkan pada H tambahan (Hidrogen) ke p-makan tersebut. Jadi, dengan menghapus OH dan menambahkan H kita sehingga mengubah struktur dan telah menciptakan methamphetamine. Ini untuk mengurangi skala kecil P-diumpankan ke methamphetamine. Jika seseorang ingin membuat meth di kisaran ons, dll saya tidak akan merekomendasikan satu masak dalam wadah terbuka. Kebakaran atau ledakan berada pada risiko yang lebih tinggi ketika memasak apa pun di atas 10 gram menggunakan prosedur ini. Inilah sebabnya mengapa aparat Push / Pull sangat populer. Tidak, asap, bau, dan DAPAT mengurangi risiko cedera jika ada sesuatu yang salah. Perhatikan Aku berkata IT CAN. Tidak ada metode bodoh-bukti keselamatan saat bekerja dengan bahan kimia alam ini, kecuali peralatan laboratorium yang tepat, dll digunakan; dan ini masih tidak elimanate bahaya, hanya mengurangi kemungkinan bahwa kecelakaan akan terjadi. Jika seseorang ingin memiliki 5 gram sebagai peoduct mereka selesai, dari 6-8 gram P-makan. Beberapa bisa mendapatkan 90% hasil di mana orang lain mungkin hanya mendapatkan 35% hasil. Ini membutuhkan waktu untuk sempurna, tapi hasilnya akan bervariasi DENGAN ANDA. Ambil Anda 8 gram p-makan dan menempatkan ini ke dalam 250ml a. labu atau cangkir pyrex meassuring. Perlambatan menambahkan kristal yodium kepada p-makan dicampur dengan baik dengan




















































































































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